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Publication
Survey
Indigenous and Women's Attitudes Toward Elections (2002) (Spanish)
En los últimos años los sistemas políticos han sido testigos de importantes reformas en sus sistemas y procedimientos electorales, las que persiguen la profundización de la democracia, por la vía de promover la universalidad y el libre acceso al voto. El Ecuador está en esta línea, pero sus peculiares condiciones sociales, culturales y políticas, todavía ocasionan distorsiones en la expresión democrática. La composición étnica del país es uno de los factores más importantes de diferenciación social a su interior. La incorporación de los indígenas a la vida política formal es relativamente reciente, y su participación ha ido incrementándose hasta llegar a niveles de alta influencia en la ocupación de cargos públicos y la formación de alianzas de poder.
February 28, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
Lithuania: Money and Politics Case Study
Lithuania has rapidly developed both politically and economically since emerging from the Soviet Union in 1991. While the country has built a functioning parliamentary system of government, has become a member of NATO, and is on the verge of joining the European Union, it still faces many problems associated with the many consolidating democracies around the world. As in all democracies, populations need to trust that those they elect will represent their interests. Problems such as corruption, weaknesses in laws concerning the political financing, and unaccounted for political income and expenditures threaten the credibility of the process and hinder the speed at which democracy is consolidated. Additionally, Lithuania lacks the high level of vibrant debate about the issue of political financing among scholars, journalists and civil society bodies required to promote meaningful reform. Recognizing this, Lithuania has developed an independent Central Electoral Committee (CEC) and adopted laws requiring detailed and public disclosure of political finance accounts. Prior to conducting Money and Politics programming in Lithuania, the CEC had made a demonstrable interest in making information public. While scanning summary report of accounts and placing them on the internet, the user could not search, not easily compare and analyze the information. Interested parties were required to make an appointment to view more detailed, paper-based information. Further, while the Tax Authorities are required to audit final political party reports, enforcement is widely considered to be weak. Few, if any, cases of political finance violations have been forwarded and investigated, not to mention prosecuted. By addressing the difficult issues surrounding political finance with the support of IFES in 2002 and 2003, Lithuania is emerging as a model for other consolidating democracy to follow. Significant areas remain to be addressed. While Lithuania has taken concrete steps to reform political finance legislation, open political finance information to public scrutiny and oversight, and encourage debate, further efforts are required to actively enforce laws and regulations and raise the level of debate among the various governmental, legislative, and civil society groups. By addressing these areas, Lithuania has the potential for being an example of best practices while making local expertise and resources to other countries undergoing similar reforms.
December 31, 2002
Election Material
Ballot
Ecuador Presidential Ballot 2002
General elections were held on 20 October 2002 in Ecuador. This ballot was used in the first round of the Presidential election. The main candidates in the election were Lucio GUTIERREZ, Alvaro NOBOA, Leon ROLDOS Aguilera, Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos, and Xavier NEIRA.
Election Material
Civic Education Material
Cartilla De Educacion a la Ciudadania
“Brochure for Citizenship Education” is an election guide, available in Spanish, issued in 2002 by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal in Ecuador in lead up to the October 20, 2002 General Elections in Ecuador. The guide is meant to educate people about the importance of citizen participation and how to vote. It also provides insight on how to improve the electoral system in Ecuador and gives a short explanation of the government structure and its members.
Election Material
Ballot
Ecuador Presidential Ballot 1998
Ballot used for the 31 May 1998 general election in Ecuador. This ballot paper was used to elect the President and Vice-President of Ecuador. The main candidates in the election were Jamil MAHUAD (Popular Democracy Party) and Alvaro Noboa PONTON (Ecuadorian Roldosist Party).
Election Material
Ballot
Ecuador Disputados Provinciales Ballot 1998
Ballot used for provinicial deputies elections held on 31 May 1998 alongside the Ecuadorian general election. This ballot was used to elect five provincial deputies in the Province of El Oro.
Election Material
Ballot
Ecuador (Galapagos) Disputados Provinciales Ballot 1998
Ballot used in the 31 May 1998 general election in Ecuador. This ballot was used in the Galapagos Province to elect two provincial deputies.
Election Material
Ballot
Ecuador (Guayas) Consejeros Provinciales Ballot 1998
Ballot used during general elections held in Ecuador on 31 May 1998. This ballot was used to elect the Provincial Councillors for the Province of Guayas. Voters voter for no more than four candidates.