Tools & Resources
Filter by
Type
Publication date
Language
Type
Publication date
Language
Publication
Report/Paper
Judicial Reform in China
A presentation created by participants in IFES' Judicial Fellows' Program
December 30, 1969
Election Material
Constitution
Constitution of The People's Republic of China
Constitution of The People's Republic of China (1982)
Election Material
Ballot
Australia (Capital Territory) Postal Ballot 1984
Postal ballot used for federal elections in Australia on 1 December 1984. Using this ballot, voters would elect the two Senators for the Australian Capital Territory. Voters could vote either for a party list of for individual candidates.
Election Material
Ballot
Australia Referendum Ballot 1984
Australia held a referendum in conjuction with the 1984 federal election. The referendum posed two questions to voters to fix the terms of Senators to that of the House of Representatives, and of the interchange of powers between the state and federal governments.
Publication
Report/Paper
Report on the Election in the Republic of China on December 2, 1989
This 1989 report on elections in China summarizes the various Chinese political institutions, the contemporary political scene, pre-election observations and the role and structure of major political parties and special interest groups and the voting procedure. The report concludes with a documentation of the results of the election. The report also includes an organigram of the Chinese political structure and several drawings of the voting process.
December 31, 1989
Election Material
Ballot
Australia (Victoria) House of Representatives Ballot 1992
General elections were held in Australia on 11 April 1992. This ballot was used for elections to the House of Representatives in Wills, Victoria, Australia. Voting was done through preferential vote.
Election Material
Election and Political Party Law
Australia Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918: Reprinted
Australia Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918: Reprinted
Publication
Report/Paper
Hong Kong Elections: Transition to Autonomy
This report on the Hong Kong elections discusses the institutions involved with the election process, the issues currently under debate and the potential avenues of participation by the Secretariat in the transitional election process.
June 24, 1997
Publication
Report/Paper
Lithuania: Money and Politics Case Study
Lithuania has rapidly developed both politically and economically since emerging from the Soviet Union in 1991. While the country has built a functioning parliamentary system of government, has become a member of NATO, and is on the verge of joining the European Union, it still faces many problems associated with the many consolidating democracies around the world. As in all democracies, populations need to trust that those they elect will represent their interests. Problems such as corruption, weaknesses in laws concerning the political financing, and unaccounted for political income and expenditures threaten the credibility of the process and hinder the speed at which democracy is consolidated. Additionally, Lithuania lacks the high level of vibrant debate about the issue of political financing among scholars, journalists and civil society bodies required to promote meaningful reform. Recognizing this, Lithuania has developed an independent Central Electoral Committee (CEC) and adopted laws requiring detailed and public disclosure of political finance accounts. Prior to conducting Money and Politics programming in Lithuania, the CEC had made a demonstrable interest in making information public. While scanning summary report of accounts and placing them on the internet, the user could not search, not easily compare and analyze the information. Interested parties were required to make an appointment to view more detailed, paper-based information. Further, while the Tax Authorities are required to audit final political party reports, enforcement is widely considered to be weak. Few, if any, cases of political finance violations have been forwarded and investigated, not to mention prosecuted. By addressing the difficult issues surrounding political finance with the support of IFES in 2002 and 2003, Lithuania is emerging as a model for other consolidating democracy to follow. Significant areas remain to be addressed. While Lithuania has taken concrete steps to reform political finance legislation, open political finance information to public scrutiny and oversight, and encourage debate, further efforts are required to actively enforce laws and regulations and raise the level of debate among the various governmental, legislative, and civil society groups. By addressing these areas, Lithuania has the potential for being an example of best practices while making local expertise and resources to other countries undergoing similar reforms.
December 31, 2002