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Kyrgyzstan's Democratic Experiment
On June 27, 2010 Kyrgyzstan adopted a new constitution via nationwide referendum. Introducing a new or revised governing charter was nothing new for the Central Asian republic—they have seen many since their independence in 1991. This new constitution, however, ushered in a new era for the country as it established a parliamentary system that would allow power to be decentralized and shared among different political parties.
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Ensuring Electoral Transparency and Integrity in Egypt: the Need for a Permanent, Independent Electoral Management Body
Egypt’s January 2014 constitutional referendum process faced heavy scrutiny. The much-watched poll took place amid an aggressive crackdown on political dissent following the ouster of President Mohamed Morsi in July 2013. Campaigning was largely in favor of approving a new constitution. The result of the referendum – which saw 98.1 percent voter approval with 38.6 percent voter turnout – was largely expected.