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Panama: Evaluacion de Necesidades Materiales Previa a las Elecciones
May 28, 1992
Publication
Report/Paper
Report of a Pre-election Commodity Needs Assessment
This Pre-Election Technical Assessment of Panama's electoral system in 1992 was conducted for the purpose of preparing a report to be considered by the Government of Panama, the United States Government, and others in assessing the scope and quantity of material assistance needed by the Panamanian Electoral Tribunal in order to administer the 1992 referendum and 1994 general elections in a free and fair manner.
May 28, 1992
Publication
Report/Paper
Proyecto: Fortalecimiento de la Gestion del Registrador auxiliary de Hechos Vitales, Noviembre - Diciembre de 1997
December 31, 1997
Publication
Report/Paper
Panama: Elecciones Generales: Informe Final de Observacion Electoral
May 31, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Panama: General Elections, IFES Election Observation Final Report
This report is issued as a record of the observations made by the IFES mission from the 1999 Panamanian elections. It is also a presentation of a series of technical suggestions for the consideration of the Panamanian government in the organization and facilitation of future elections.
May 31, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Civil Society Participation in Panama: Fundacion Para El Desarrollo de la Libertad Ciudadana, Final Report
October 31, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Seminar on the Independence of Electoral Justice in Panama: Final Report
This report summarizes IFES’ findings from the (IFES initiated) Seminar on the Independence of Electoral Justice in Panama from December 2001. The purpose of the seminar was to share information on electoral justice and recommend improvements to the electoral justice process.
March 19, 2001
Publication
Report/Paper
Lithuania: Money and Politics Case Study
Lithuania has rapidly developed both politically and economically since emerging from the Soviet Union in 1991. While the country has built a functioning parliamentary system of government, has become a member of NATO, and is on the verge of joining the European Union, it still faces many problems associated with the many consolidating democracies around the world. As in all democracies, populations need to trust that those they elect will represent their interests. Problems such as corruption, weaknesses in laws concerning the political financing, and unaccounted for political income and expenditures threaten the credibility of the process and hinder the speed at which democracy is consolidated. Additionally, Lithuania lacks the high level of vibrant debate about the issue of political financing among scholars, journalists and civil society bodies required to promote meaningful reform. Recognizing this, Lithuania has developed an independent Central Electoral Committee (CEC) and adopted laws requiring detailed and public disclosure of political finance accounts. Prior to conducting Money and Politics programming in Lithuania, the CEC had made a demonstrable interest in making information public. While scanning summary report of accounts and placing them on the internet, the user could not search, not easily compare and analyze the information. Interested parties were required to make an appointment to view more detailed, paper-based information. Further, while the Tax Authorities are required to audit final political party reports, enforcement is widely considered to be weak. Few, if any, cases of political finance violations have been forwarded and investigated, not to mention prosecuted. By addressing the difficult issues surrounding political finance with the support of IFES in 2002 and 2003, Lithuania is emerging as a model for other consolidating democracy to follow. Significant areas remain to be addressed. While Lithuania has taken concrete steps to reform political finance legislation, open political finance information to public scrutiny and oversight, and encourage debate, further efforts are required to actively enforce laws and regulations and raise the level of debate among the various governmental, legislative, and civil society groups. By addressing these areas, Lithuania has the potential for being an example of best practices while making local expertise and resources to other countries undergoing similar reforms.
December 31, 2002