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Judicial Reform in China
A presentation created by participants in IFES' Judicial Fellows' Program
December 30, 1969
Publication
Report/Paper
Report on the Election in the Republic of China on December 2, 1989
This 1989 report on elections in China summarizes the various Chinese political institutions, the contemporary political scene, pre-election observations and the role and structure of major political parties and special interest groups and the voting procedure. The report concludes with a documentation of the results of the election. The report also includes an organigram of the Chinese political structure and several drawings of the voting process.
December 31, 1989
Publication
Report/Paper
Report of the International Delegaton Studying the Development of the Mongolian Electoral System, 3-10 December 1991
This report summarizes the findings of an IFES international Delegation which studied the development of the Mongolian Election system in the post USSR context. The observations address The Political Environment, the Constitutional System, the Political Party System, and the Election System as we found them.
February 29, 1992
Publication
Report/Paper
Mongolia: An Assessment of the Election to the Great Peoples Hural - June 1992
This report summarizes IFES findings from observing the national legislative elections in Mongolia on June 28, 1992. These were the first elections conducted in Mongolia under its new constitution.
June 30, 1992
Publication
Report/Paper
Report on Mongolian Presidential Election: June 6, 1993
This report on the 1993 Mongolian Presidential Election contextualizes the political atmosphere in Mongolia and provides a host of recommendations for future elections in Mongolia.
June 30, 1993
Publication
Report/Paper
Report on Joint UN/IFES Mission Electoral Process in Liberia
This report summarizes the IFES mission regarding the electoral process in Liberia in 1994.
September 30, 1993
Publication
Report/Paper
Hong Kong Elections: Transition to Autonomy
This report on the Hong Kong elections discusses the institutions involved with the election process, the issues currently under debate and the potential avenues of participation by the Secretariat in the transitional election process.
June 24, 1997
Publication
Report/Paper
Evaluation of Fondation Hirondelle/Star Radio Project, Monrovia, February 7, 1999
This report offers background on the Star Radio project, as well as general information on the Liberian political and economic climate in Liberia. The report also provides an evaluation of the station itself, with an analysis of it structure and organization, programming, resources, financing and budget. The final section of the report outlines a mid-to long-range business plan, building on Star’s rapid response phase.
February 06, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Report of an Electoral Assessment and Planning Mission to Liberia: April 4-25, 2004
With the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in Accra in August 2003, Liberians committed themselves to political, versus military, competition for the control of Liberia’s reconstruction. This commitment places added importance on the electoral process as the means through which the political competition will be carried out. The signatories to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement agreed to reform Liberia’s electoral system prior to the conduct of the 2005 elections. A major challenge, however, is how this electoral system can serve as a framework for political competition beyond 2005. In April 2004, IFES fielded a technical planning mission to examine the electoral environment and suggest a strategy for international support for the electoral process. Among the key findings were: 1. Liberians must be involved in all aspects of the process for the CPA-mandated October 2005 elections to leverage the maximum opportunity to bring the nation to a state of peaceful transition; 2. The electoral framework – detailing the legal provisions, the type of electoral system, the nature of the elections to be held, and other aspects of the electoral process – must be agreed upon no later than October 2004 to allow sufficient time for election preparations. Such a framework should be endorsed by Liberia’s stakeholders; 3. Timely, coordinated and robust international assistance at all stages and levels of the electoral process is necessary to create an environment for a successful outcome and to ensure that the best practices of transitional political processes are put into place; and 4. The international community will have to cover the majority of the cost of the elections, as well as provide considerable assistance to the resulting elected and appointed institutions responsible for Liberia’s reconstruction. This report contains recommendations for both the National Elections Commission (NEC) and its partners in the international community. Some of the key recommendations include: • To ensure that Liberian stakeholders are supportive of the electoral framework, that it meets Liberia’s needs and that it conforms to international standards, the process that leads to the establishment of the electoral framework must be perceived as inclusive and legitimate, while drawing on international best practices and principles. As such, it is recommended that fora be provided for NEC and Liberian political and civic actors to consider the various major issues. The international community should support the electoral reform process and provide technical assistance to facilitate the drafting of the resultant electoral framework. • International assistance will need to be provided to build the capacity of the National Elections Commission to organize and conduct the elections and to ensure the credibility of the electoral process. • The international community and the National Transitional Government of Liberia will need to provide timely and complete support to the elections budget. Any delays in the provision of financing and material will negatively impact the elections timeline. Once the electoral framework is finalized, the full costs for the elections will be known. However, priority at this point should be given to financing the NEC’s current personnel and operational costs, including the re-establishment of its presence in the counties, and voter education. • International assistance should support: o The administration of the elections: To support the conduct of a credible and efficient process through the provision of: i. A Chief Electoral Advisor and/or international members on the National Elections Commission to support the development of policy and procedures and the overall management of the electoral process; ii. Technical advisors to assist NEC headquarters and county offices in implementing the electoral framework; iii. Financial, material and logistical support. o The resolution of electoral disputes during all phases of the electoral process: To enable the timely arbitration and resolution of electoral disputes through the establishment of an Election Dispute Tribunal; and o Electoral participation: To promote a level political playing field and informed participation in the electoral process by Liberia’s citizens. International assistance should be well-timed and initiatives effectively coordinated to avoid duplication of effort and to maximize impact.
April 03, 2004
Publication
Report/Paper
Global Lessons and Best Practices: Fighting Corruption and Promoting the Rule of Law Through Transparency, Openness and Judicial Independence
IFES believes all countries, including China, should publish an annual State of the Judiciary Report that will serve as both an internal and external tool that can be used by multiple stakeholders for multiple purposes, including promoting and systematically reporting on needed reforms and key issues. It should be disseminated to the public at large, as well as to targeted stakeholders, such as the business and human rights communities, bar associations, judges, reformers, policy-makers and donors. We believe the publication and distribution of the report will increase the quality and quantity of concrete information on the judiciary, more transparency, accountability and public awareness, qualitative comparative research and valuable cross-country lessons learned and judicial competition. We invite and challenge you to demonstrate your firm commitment to the important task ahead.
January 19, 2006