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Evaluation Report of Election Supervisors (2005)
Barely five years after the 1999 General Elections which marked the first democratic elections in Indonesia since 1955, another General Elections was held in 2004 which was expected to take a step farther the 1999 electoral exercises. Armed with new laws, regulations, and decrees to implement a new elections system; with the technical and financial support of the international community; with more enlightened and better equipped electoral management and supervisory bodies; and with the renewed hope and interest of civil society groups - the stakes were high and expectations were extraordinary that the 2004 elections would be a showcase of the new Indonesian democratic political process. In real terms and for the ordinary Indonesian citizens, why was the 2004 elections significant? Did they think that it would bring an improvement in their lives? The 2003 IFES survey in Indonesia revealed that the level of optimism regarding the economic and security conditions in the country decreased significantly since 2002. Just like previous IFES surveys in Indonesia, the economic situation remained the problem of greatest concern to majority of the citizens. Majority of Indonesians were also dissatisfied with the implementation of most aspects of the reform agenda. As a result of this, the people’s evaluation of the performance of government actions and of most national leaders and institutions plummeted. For instance, in 2003 – the height of elections preparations and the beginning of some of the stages of election implementation – 71% of the people thought that the government’s actions brought little or no improvement to the country. This was a rise in people’s dissatisfaction compared to 2002 which, although still high, was a bit lower at 66%. A majority of those aware of the presidency, DPR, and MPR were dissatisfied with performance of these institutions.
December 31, 2004
Publication
Report/Paper
Advancing Reforms in Philippine Election Administration and Management: Toward a Comprehensive Approach
The overall objective of this project was to assist the Commission on elections (COMELEC) and other governmental and non-governmental counterparts in reforming the management of Philippine elections
November 30, 2006
Publication
Report/Paper
Report on Mongolian Presidential Election: June 6, 1993
This report on the 1993 Mongolian Presidential Election contextualizes the political atmosphere in Mongolia and provides a host of recommendations for future elections in Mongolia.
June 30, 1993
Publication
Report/Paper
1991 Nepalese Elections: A Pre-Election Survey Addendum (January 1991)
This pre-election assessment in Nepal in 1990 identified international observers and citizen education efforts for the 1991 Nepalese Elections. This addendum to the earlier report develops specific scenarios for an international observer delegation and citizen education efforts.
December 31, 1990
Publication
Report/Paper
Kingdom of Nepal: Parliamentary Elections, May 12, 1991
This report summarizes IFES findings from the Nepalese Parliamentary Elections in 1991. Electoral processes, election day observations and voter registry are discussed along with various other IFES activities.
May 31, 1991
Publication
Book
Political Finance in Post-Conflict Societies
This study of political finance in post-conflict society identifies lessons learned from international donor-funded efforts to support political processes in post-conflict environments in general and the funding of political parties and campaign finance in particular. The document consists of eight case studies that seek to improve our understanding not only of the political dynamics of post-conflict situations but also of how to rally international support for holding elections and supporting democratization under such circumstances.
April 30, 2006
Publication
Book
Gender Equality & Election Management Bodies: A Best Practices Guide
The full participation of women and men in a country's political and decision-making processes as voters, candidates, elected officials and electoral management body (EMB) staff is crucial. Yet, despite a set of robust international instruments and many positive developments in recent years, women represent only 21.7 percent of world's parliamentarians and in many countries they continue to be marginalized and underrepresented in political and electoral processes. Clearly, major steps still need to be taken before true gender equality is achieved in this arena.
September 23, 2014
Publication
Report/Paper
Understanding the Success of Multiethnic Parties in Indonesia
IFES’ 2012 Hybl Fellow Geoffrey Macdonald focuses on the influence of election rules in preventing the rise of ethnic parties in Indonesia in this Democracy Fellowship Paper.
February 14, 2013
Publication
Report/Paper
Opportunity for Electoral Reform: Election Administration
This report provides analysis of the current structures and institutions of election administration in Indonesia and offers recommendations for improving their performance. The report assesses operations of these administrative bodies in light of experience of June 1999 general elections and June 2000 changes to Indonesia’s election law. Comparative information regarding international practices and experiences in election administration is utilized to illustrate important points. However, the report recognizes the need for Indonesian practices to fit Indonesian cultural and political circumstances. Because the report’s focus is on core issues of organizational operations in election administration, many other important and related issues for electoral reform are not addressed. IFES is engaged in providing ongoing technical assistance to Indonesian officials and election experts in other areas, such as political finance regulation and complaint adjudication. Also, this report does not consider in detail several major issues that are still being debated in Indonesia, such as the method of electing the President, or whether to adopt a “single member constituency” rather than a proportional representation electoral system.
November 30, 2001
Publication
Report/Paper
Opportunity for Electoral Reform in Indonesia: CEPPS Final Report
This report provides analysis of the current structures and institutions of election administration in Indonesia and offers recommendations for improving their performance. The report assesses operations of these administrative bodies in light of experience of June 1999 general elections and June 2000 changes to Indonesia’s election law. Comparative information regarding international practices and experiences in election administration is utilized to illustrate important points. However, the report recognizes the need for Indonesian practices to fit Indonesian cultural and political circumstances. Because the report’s focus is on core issues of organizational operations in election administration, many other important and related issues for electoral reform are not addressed. IFES is engaged in providing ongoing technical assistance to Indonesian officials and election experts in other areas, such as political finance regulation and complaint adjudication. Also, this report does not consider in detail several major issues that are still being debated in Indonesia, such as the method of electing the President, or whether to adopt a “single member constituency” rather than a proportional representation electoral system. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS I SCOPE OF REPORT II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III INTRODUCTION A Election Circumstances B Election Administration 1. Legislative Framework 2. Administrative Arrangements 3. Operational Performance 4. Enforcement of Electoral Law 5. Reform of Election Administration IV ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IN A DEMOCRACY A Principles B Elements V OVERVIEW OF ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IN INDONESIA A Structure B Composition & Appointment C Duties & Powers D Secretariats 1. National Level 2. Provincial and Lower Levels VI STRUCTURE & OPERATIONS OF NATIONAL ELECTION COMMISSION (KPU) A Management Structures for the 1999 Elections 1. KPU Committees 2. KPU Secretariat B Lessons from the 1999 General Elections 1. Independence & Impartiality 2. Structure 3. Operations C Reorganization & Reform: 1. Recommendations 2. Powers, Responsibilities and Accountability a. Powers b. Role of PPI c. Responsibilities d. Accountability e. Remuneration 3. KPU Secretariat a. Secretary General b. Accountability of the Secretary General c. Relationship Between KPU and Secretary General d. Secretariat Staff Appointments and Conditions of Service 4. Organizational Structure of the KPU Secretariat 5. Priorities a. Timetable VII STRUCTURE & OPERATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING ELECTION COMMITTEES A Lessons from the 1999 General Elections B Reorganization & Reform: Recommendations 1. Structure, Duties & Powers 2. Composition & Appointment a. Party Representation b. Organizational Requirements and Characteristics c. Secretariat 3. Coordination, Communication & Logistics a. Election Materials VIII GENERAL ISSUES OF ELECTION ADMINISTRATION A Election Law 1. Timing of Election Law Review 2. Content of Election Law B Financial Autonomy & Accountability 1. Budgetary Planning 2. Source of KPU Funding 3. Responsibilities for Funding Elections 4. Financial Controls C Transparency and Integrity 1. Independence & Impartiality 2. Conduct of KPU & Election Committee Members & Staff 3. Open Access to KPU & Election Committee Activities & Information 4. Reporting and Accountability 5. External Auditing 6. International Linkages D Internal Management Improvement E Recruitment & Training 1. Recruitment of Secretariat Staff 2. Training and Professional Development 3. Training for External Organizations F Role of Political Parties 1. KPU, PPD-I & PPD-II Levels 2. PPS, PPK & KPPS Levels G Voter Registration H Vote Counting & Consolidation I Complaint Adjudication J Impact of Potential Change K Regional Autonomy IX CONCLUSION X SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS XI APPENDICES Appendix 1 – Summary of Main Features of National Election Management Bodies Appendix 2 – International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Code of Conduct for Ethical and Professional Administration of Elections Appendix 3 – Text of Amending Law No 4 of 2000 to Law No 3 Of 1999 on General Elections Appendix 4 – Current Members of the National Election Commission (KPU) Appendix 5 – National Election Commission (KPU) Secretariat Organizational Chart, 1999 Election Appendix 6 – Proposed New Organizational Chart for Secretariat of National Election Commission (KPU) Appendix 7 – Service Conditions of Election Management Body Secretariats
November 30, 2001