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Election Material
Constitution
The 1980 Constitution of The Arab Republic of Egypt
Constitution of Egypt adopted by referendum in 1980.
Election Material
Election and Political Party Law
Law on Elections to The National Assembly
Law on Elections to The National Assembly
Publication
Book
Financing Politics: The Middle East and North Africa
Financing Politics: The Middle East and North Africa is a collaborative effort between the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) and the Arab Region Parliamentarians against Corruption (ARPAC). It represents a concerted attempt to better understand and document existing political finance regulations and experiences in five countries – Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia and Yemen. The availability of information on the funding of parties and campaigns is a first and significant step in enhancing transparency.
September 30, 2013
Publication
Report/Paper
IFES Releases Briefing Paper on Key Challenges for Credible and Competitive Elections in Egypt
As the situation in Egypt continues to evolve, IFES has released a briefing paper that serves as a guide to understanding the current electoral system and identifies issues that must be addressed immediately in order to have credible and competitive elections in the near future.
February 08, 2011
Publication
Report/Paper
IFES Releases Briefing Paper on Post-Mubarak Egypt
Since protesters began to fill Cairo’s Tahrir Square in late January demanding sweeping political changes and the start of a truly democratic era, Egypt has seen a series of momentous developments. In this second briefing paper, IFES provides a thorough overview and analysis of the measures that have been taken since Mubarak stepped down and the issues that still need to be addressed before the forthcoming elections.
April 26, 2011
Publication
Report/Paper
Summary Description of the Division of Powers Between Municipalities and State Local Executive Authorities , November 2002
This report describes the division of powers between Municipalities and State Local Executive Authorities in Azerbaijan. The report defines the roles of both democratic institutions. The report includes an organizational chart, general responsibilities of each branch of government and other information concerning the institutions. The report provides a simple and clear division of powers and responsibilities between both branches of government.
October 31, 2002
Publication
Report/Paper
Azerbaijan FINAL REPORT, September 21, 1997-December 31, 2002
This report summarizes the electoral climate in prior to the November 12, 1995 parliamentary elections in Azerbaijan. The report details the IFES program activities including legal advising, seminars and roundtables conducted by IFES, technical support, NGO support and development and various products for successful election implementation. The report concludes with recommendations concerning democracy assistance and program administration in the future.
February 28, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
Lithuania: Money and Politics Case Study
Lithuania has rapidly developed both politically and economically since emerging from the Soviet Union in 1991. While the country has built a functioning parliamentary system of government, has become a member of NATO, and is on the verge of joining the European Union, it still faces many problems associated with the many consolidating democracies around the world. As in all democracies, populations need to trust that those they elect will represent their interests. Problems such as corruption, weaknesses in laws concerning the political financing, and unaccounted for political income and expenditures threaten the credibility of the process and hinder the speed at which democracy is consolidated. Additionally, Lithuania lacks the high level of vibrant debate about the issue of political financing among scholars, journalists and civil society bodies required to promote meaningful reform. Recognizing this, Lithuania has developed an independent Central Electoral Committee (CEC) and adopted laws requiring detailed and public disclosure of political finance accounts. Prior to conducting Money and Politics programming in Lithuania, the CEC had made a demonstrable interest in making information public. While scanning summary report of accounts and placing them on the internet, the user could not search, not easily compare and analyze the information. Interested parties were required to make an appointment to view more detailed, paper-based information. Further, while the Tax Authorities are required to audit final political party reports, enforcement is widely considered to be weak. Few, if any, cases of political finance violations have been forwarded and investigated, not to mention prosecuted. By addressing the difficult issues surrounding political finance with the support of IFES in 2002 and 2003, Lithuania is emerging as a model for other consolidating democracy to follow. Significant areas remain to be addressed. While Lithuania has taken concrete steps to reform political finance legislation, open political finance information to public scrutiny and oversight, and encourage debate, further efforts are required to actively enforce laws and regulations and raise the level of debate among the various governmental, legislative, and civil society groups. By addressing these areas, Lithuania has the potential for being an example of best practices while making local expertise and resources to other countries undergoing similar reforms.
December 31, 2002
Publication
Report/Paper
Azerbaijan, FINAL REPORT, September 20, 2001 - September 19, 2003
This report reviews IFES efforts in Azerbaijan in support of the USAID project Civil Society Better Organized and Represented. This report describes how IFES worked to encourage increased professionalism among election officials, provided training to elected officials, encouraged broader citizen participation and increased awareness on democracy and democratic governance. The report also details civic education tools used and discusses the challenges encountered and lessons learned from IFES program.
November 30, 2003