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Report/Paper
Money Politics: Regulation of Political Finance in Indonesia, 1999
This report is a summary of the system of money politics in Indonesia. Money politics describes the buying of voter support during elections and other financial factors affecting elections in Indonesia.
November 30, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Money and Politics in Indonesia – Vol. 6
Published in November 2004, this report focuses upon implementation in Indonesia’s 2004 elections of legal requirements for financial reporting by political parties and candidates. This report includes a discussion of political finance reporting requirements and reporting schedules, and describes the apparent extent of compliance by political parties and candidates with the basic disclosure requirements.
November 01, 2004
Publication
Report/Paper
Pre-Election Technical Assessment, October 1998
This report summarizes IFES findings from an onsite assessment of the status of reform measures, timetable for democratic elections and what remained to be done before elections in Indonesia. The document details the choices for a voting system, election administration authorities, political parties, voter lists and registration and campaign finance.
September 30, 1998
Publication
Electoral Assessment
Inclusion Practices Implemented by Election Management Bodies in Africa
A new study from IFES focuses on the different practices that EMBs have implemented on the African continent to include traditionally underrepresented voters, such as women and persons with disabilities.
April 22, 2021
Publication
Report/Paper
Overcoming Challenges to Democracy and Governance Programs in Post-Conflict Countries: CEPPS Lessons Learned
How can democracy and governance programs be more effective in post-conflict environments?
May 18, 2021
Publication
Book
Media Guidelines for Reporting on Accessible Elections
In January 2015, the General Election Network for Disability Access in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (AGENDA) publicly launched the first edition of Media Guidelines for Reporting on Accessible Elections at AGENDA’s Third Regional Dialogue in Jakarta, Indonesia. The publication compiles international best practices and input from journalists on how to include and accurately represent the voices of citizens with disabilities participating in political life.
April 30, 2015
Publication
Report/Paper
Political Money and Political Corruption: Considerations for Nigeria
November 28, 2003
Publication
Report/Paper
Promoting Electoral Access for Citizens with Disabilities: Considerations for Nigeria, INEC-Civil Society Forum Seminar on Agenda for Electoral Reform, 27-28 November 2003, Abuja, Nigeria
The right to participate in and stand for election is a fundamental human right. According to Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: “Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity, without any of the distinctions mentioned in Article 2 and without unreasonable restrictions: (a) To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives’ (b) To vote and be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors; (c) To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country.” The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights sets an international standard for the conduct of the elections and the right of participation in that process. In reviewing the Constitutional and legal framework of Nigeria’s electoral process, it is important to ensure that this framework meets international standards, while taking into account the nation’s experience and political and social environment. The right of participation of “every citizen” is one that must be guaranteed by law and by the way the electoral process is conducted. In Nigeria, citizens with disabilities face legal as well as practical barriers to equal participation in the electoral process. However, this electoral review affords the opportunity to ensure that the rights of citizens with disabilities are protected by law and by practice. There is no reliable data on how many of Nigeria’s approximately 120 million citizens live with some sort of physical or mental disability. Nigerian census officials last submitted statistics on disability to the United Nations over 12 years ago, estimating at that time that .5 percent of the population was disabled. This figure is not comparable to the international norm and is a severe under-estimate. In the United States, at least 6% of population has some form of obvious disability – is blind or visually impaired; deaf; a wheelchair user or has an intellectual disability. However, with Nigeria’s incidence of polio, nutritional problems and difficulties with access to healthcare, the percentage of Nigerians with obvious disabilities is likely to be higher – perhaps 10% or more. With an estimated population of 120 million, that would be more than 12 million citizens with disabilities – half of whom are of voting age, at least some 6 million people. This, of course, does not take into account persons with hidden or even undiagnosed disabilities, such as learning disabilities, diabetes, epilepsy, heart disease, etc. Section 17(2) of Nigeria’s 1999 Constitution states that “every citizen shall have equality of rights, obligations and opportunities before law.” Do the Constitutional and legal provisions governing the conduct of elections guarantee this right for those Nigerian citizens with disabilities? Are Nigerians with disabilities able to equally participate in and stand for election?
November 26, 2003