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Understanding the Success of Multiethnic Parties in Indonesia
IFES’ 2012 Hybl Fellow Geoffrey Macdonald focuses on the influence of election rules in preventing the rise of ethnic parties in Indonesia in this Democracy Fellowship Paper.
February 14, 2013
Publication
Report/Paper
Opportunity for Electoral Reform: Election Administration
This report provides analysis of the current structures and institutions of election administration in Indonesia and offers recommendations for improving their performance. The report assesses operations of these administrative bodies in light of experience of June 1999 general elections and June 2000 changes to Indonesia’s election law. Comparative information regarding international practices and experiences in election administration is utilized to illustrate important points. However, the report recognizes the need for Indonesian practices to fit Indonesian cultural and political circumstances. Because the report’s focus is on core issues of organizational operations in election administration, many other important and related issues for electoral reform are not addressed. IFES is engaged in providing ongoing technical assistance to Indonesian officials and election experts in other areas, such as political finance regulation and complaint adjudication. Also, this report does not consider in detail several major issues that are still being debated in Indonesia, such as the method of electing the President, or whether to adopt a “single member constituency” rather than a proportional representation electoral system.
November 30, 2001
Publication
Report/Paper
Opportunity for Electoral Reform in Indonesia: CEPPS Final Report
This report provides analysis of the current structures and institutions of election administration in Indonesia and offers recommendations for improving their performance. The report assesses operations of these administrative bodies in light of experience of June 1999 general elections and June 2000 changes to Indonesia’s election law. Comparative information regarding international practices and experiences in election administration is utilized to illustrate important points. However, the report recognizes the need for Indonesian practices to fit Indonesian cultural and political circumstances. Because the report’s focus is on core issues of organizational operations in election administration, many other important and related issues for electoral reform are not addressed. IFES is engaged in providing ongoing technical assistance to Indonesian officials and election experts in other areas, such as political finance regulation and complaint adjudication. Also, this report does not consider in detail several major issues that are still being debated in Indonesia, such as the method of electing the President, or whether to adopt a “single member constituency” rather than a proportional representation electoral system. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS I SCOPE OF REPORT II EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III INTRODUCTION A Election Circumstances B Election Administration 1. Legislative Framework 2. Administrative Arrangements 3. Operational Performance 4. Enforcement of Electoral Law 5. Reform of Election Administration IV ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IN A DEMOCRACY A Principles B Elements V OVERVIEW OF ELECTION ADMINISTRATION IN INDONESIA A Structure B Composition & Appointment C Duties & Powers D Secretariats 1. National Level 2. Provincial and Lower Levels VI STRUCTURE & OPERATIONS OF NATIONAL ELECTION COMMISSION (KPU) A Management Structures for the 1999 Elections 1. KPU Committees 2. KPU Secretariat B Lessons from the 1999 General Elections 1. Independence & Impartiality 2. Structure 3. Operations C Reorganization & Reform: 1. Recommendations 2. Powers, Responsibilities and Accountability a. Powers b. Role of PPI c. Responsibilities d. Accountability e. Remuneration 3. KPU Secretariat a. Secretary General b. Accountability of the Secretary General c. Relationship Between KPU and Secretary General d. Secretariat Staff Appointments and Conditions of Service 4. Organizational Structure of the KPU Secretariat 5. Priorities a. Timetable VII STRUCTURE & OPERATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING ELECTION COMMITTEES A Lessons from the 1999 General Elections B Reorganization & Reform: Recommendations 1. Structure, Duties & Powers 2. Composition & Appointment a. Party Representation b. Organizational Requirements and Characteristics c. Secretariat 3. Coordination, Communication & Logistics a. Election Materials VIII GENERAL ISSUES OF ELECTION ADMINISTRATION A Election Law 1. Timing of Election Law Review 2. Content of Election Law B Financial Autonomy & Accountability 1. Budgetary Planning 2. Source of KPU Funding 3. Responsibilities for Funding Elections 4. Financial Controls C Transparency and Integrity 1. Independence & Impartiality 2. Conduct of KPU & Election Committee Members & Staff 3. Open Access to KPU & Election Committee Activities & Information 4. Reporting and Accountability 5. External Auditing 6. International Linkages D Internal Management Improvement E Recruitment & Training 1. Recruitment of Secretariat Staff 2. Training and Professional Development 3. Training for External Organizations F Role of Political Parties 1. KPU, PPD-I & PPD-II Levels 2. PPS, PPK & KPPS Levels G Voter Registration H Vote Counting & Consolidation I Complaint Adjudication J Impact of Potential Change K Regional Autonomy IX CONCLUSION X SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS XI APPENDICES Appendix 1 – Summary of Main Features of National Election Management Bodies Appendix 2 – International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, Code of Conduct for Ethical and Professional Administration of Elections Appendix 3 – Text of Amending Law No 4 of 2000 to Law No 3 Of 1999 on General Elections Appendix 4 – Current Members of the National Election Commission (KPU) Appendix 5 – National Election Commission (KPU) Secretariat Organizational Chart, 1999 Election Appendix 6 – Proposed New Organizational Chart for Secretariat of National Election Commission (KPU) Appendix 7 – Service Conditions of Election Management Body Secretariats
November 30, 2001
Publication
Report/Paper
Pre-Election Technical Assessment: Papua New Guinea
This pre-election assessment from February 1999 in Papua New Guinea summarizes IFES findings prior to the July 1999 elections. The report discusses the Electoral Commission, electoral laws, ballot design and anti-fraud and anti-corruption procedures. Moreover, the document reviews civic education activities, vote counting and international observation opportunities.
January 31, 1999
Publication
Report/Paper
Kyrgyzstan Technical Election Assessment March 1995
This report summarizes the technical election assessment conducted in 1995 by IFES in Kyrgyzstan. The various sections of this report discuss the voter education and motivation program, election laws, the Central Election Commission process and, lastly, the February election observations and suggestions for future initiatives.
February 28, 1995
Publication
Report/Paper
Report Analyzing the UNTAC Cambodia Election Plan: June 1992
This report was prepared in 1992 and analyzes the UNTAC election plan for Cambodia for the 1993 elections. The document reports on the demography, laws, political parties, organizational aspects and voting process for the Cambodian elections.
May 31, 1992
Publication
Report/Paper
Technical Assessment of the Philippines Electoral System
This technical assessment of the Philippines Electoral System was conducted in the summer of 1995. The report offers a number of observations and options for consideration for the Filipino Congress and the Comelex to improve the electoral system.
September 10, 1995
Publication
Report/Paper
Report of the International Delegaton Studying the Development of the Mongolian Electoral System, 3-10 December 1991
This report summarizes the findings of an IFES international Delegation which studied the development of the Mongolian Election system in the post USSR context. The observations address The Political Environment, the Constitutional System, the Political Party System, and the Election System as we found them.
February 29, 1992
Publication
Report/Paper
Bangladesh Pre-Election Technical Assessment (January-February 1995) for the Sixth Parliamentary Elections projected for Winter 1995-96
This 1995 report evaluates Bangladesh's administrative systems for the delivery of electoral services such as constituency delimitation, voter identification and registration, balloting and election administration, poll worker training, vote tabulation, voter education, campaign practices, and media and civic participation prior to parliamentary elections. The report continues by identifying feasible areas for short-term technical assistance in anticipation of the parliamentary elections and provides a framework for public and private-funded assistance projects. Lastly, the report recommends longer term improvements to Bangladesh's election process as well as concrete actions which could be taken by USAlD and the NGO community in strengthening democratic institutions.
February 29, 1996
Publication
Report/Paper
Election Official Training in Bangladesh: Project Overview and Recommendations
This report details the IFES Election Official Training Assistance Project undertaken in October and November 1995. The document focuses on the technical assistance and commodities support to the Secretariat in support of its newly established Electoral Training Institute. The report details the multi-tiered project which helped prepare the Training Institute for election officials throughout Bangladesh. The discussion turns to the preparation of manuals, the development of an Election Official Pledge and Code of Conduct and details the intricacies of IFES work in assisting in Bangladeshi elections.
June 30, 1996