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Election Material
Constitution
The Draft Constitution of Ethiopia
English translation of the 1994 draft constitution of Ethiopia.
Election Material
Election and Political Party Law
Belarus Presidential Election Law
Belarus Presidential Election Law
Election Material
Constitution
Constitution of The Republic of Belarus
Constitution of The Republic of Belarus
Election Material
Constitution
Constitution of The Republic of Belarus (Draft)
Constitution of The Republic of Belarus (Draft)
Election Material
Ballot
Belarus Referendum Ballot 1996
Ballot used for the seven-question referendum held in Belarus on 24 November 1996. The first four questions in the referendum were proposed by President Alexander Lukashenko, and the final three were proposed by the Supreme Court. The voters voted on the following:
-Whether Independence Day should be moved to 3 July, to commemorate the liberation of Belarus
-Approval of the constitutional amendments proposed by President Lukashenko
-Approval of the free sale of land
-Abolition of the death penalty
-Approval of the constitutional amendment proposed by the Supreme Soviet
-Direct elections to local bodies
-Should all state expenses be part of the national budget.
-Whether Independence Day should be moved to 3 July, to commemorate the liberation of Belarus
-Approval of the constitutional amendments proposed by President Lukashenko
-Approval of the free sale of land
-Abolition of the death penalty
-Approval of the constitutional amendment proposed by the Supreme Soviet
-Direct elections to local bodies
-Should all state expenses be part of the national budget.
Publication
Report/Paper
Ethiopia: Implications of the May 2005 Elections for Future Democratization Programs
May 15, 2005 elections presented the Ethiopian people a remarkable opportunity to express their political views by participating in a poll that offered them a meaningful choice. In contrast to earlier elections in 1995 and 2000, opposition parties did not boycott but rather competed vigorously across the country. Opposition party mistrust of the National Electoral Board of Ethiopia (NEBE), reports of intimidation and violence, and highly polarizing rhetoric raised concerns during the pre-election period but did not deter opposition parties from campaigning in nearly every constituency.
July 31, 2005
Publication
Electoral Assessment
Assessment of Online Violence Against Politically and Civically Engaged Women in Bangladesh
IFES has identified several urgent recommendations to mitigate online violence against women public figures in Bangladesh.
April 06, 2021
Publication
Report/Paper
The Effect of Violence on Women’s Electoral and Political Participation in Bangladesh
Women in Bangladesh are uniquely impacted by pervasive violence in the country’s electoral process. To explore the effect of electoral violence on women’s participation, IFES convened seven focus groups of Bangladeshi women in 2013 and 2015 to discuss electoral violence they have experienced in the home and public sphere. The findings seek to contribute to a more holistic and human-centered approach to electoral security that covers all phases and activities of the electoral process and adheres to the spirit of international standards and norms governing elections.
April 13, 2017
News & Updates
Feature
People Against Violence in Elections in Bangladesh
In this International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) Q&A, IFES Bangladesh Chief of Party Alistair Legge talks about the People Against Violence in Elections (PAVE) program, including how the program started; the role of violence in Bangladesh’s political and electoral processes; the instrumental role of women in election conflict and security programming; and lessons learned to prevent or mitigate electoral violence in other contexts.